2016;125(5):62030. In the land of migrant workers, who usually travel around alone, George and Lennie are the exception. Carroll C, Booth A. After this screening process, the remaining articles will be included in the review following data extraction, quality appraisal, and analysis. It often appears in stories of different genres and has various shades of meaning. Enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research: ENTREQ. This is a significant gap in the field given that loneliness is, by its nature, a subjective experience. A+ custom essay At the title and abstract screening stage, at least one relevant sentence or information that indicates likely relevance must be present for inclusion. Ann Intern Med. Isolation can be voluntary or happen for external reasons beyond the persons control. "I wasn't aware that words could hold so much. It will offer an experience-focused overview of loneliness for people studying and developing measures of this phenomenon. People got more locked up emotionally in order to withstand the war trauma and avoid further turmoil. Savikko N, Routasalo P, Tilvis RS, Strandberg TE, Pitkl KH. The proposed systematic review will be reported in accordance with the reporting guidance provided in the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) statement [22]. Background: Given the dramatic projected increase in Alzheimer's disease globally and the increased risk of morbidity and mortality for family caregivers of these patients, there is an urgent need to provide more targeted, timely resources to support the health and well-being of these informal caregivers. Works Cited. How does Steinbeck explore the theme of loneliness? Loneliness is a growing epidemic among the elderly population, predominantly in Western Culture where elders are often placed in nursing homes, excluding them from their community. PMP will also undertake abstract screening to exclude any which are found to be irrelevant or inapplicable to the inclusion criteria. 2010;7(7):e1000316. Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, Review question Epistemology Time/Timescale Resources Expertise Audience and purpose Type of data, Sample, Phenomenon of Interest, Design, Evaluation, Research type. "The worst kind of sad is not being able to explain why." "And then suddenly I became sad for no reason at all." "When you have depression simply existing is a full-time job." CAS Bound AF. Hammond C. The surprising truth about loneliness: BBC Future; 2018. brandon fugal wife; lucky 13 magazine 450 bushmaster. By providing a thorough overview of how loneliness is experienced, we expect that the findings from the planned review will be informative and useful for researchers, policymakers, and clinicians who work with and for people experiencing loneliness, as well as for these individuals themselves, to better understand this important, prevalent, and often misunderstood phenomenon. Before moving forward, all text referred to by each code will be rechecked to ensure consistency in what is considered a single code or whether more levels of coding are required. It also explores the distinction between voluntary and involuntary isolation: To learn more about the representation of loneliness and isolation in the novel, check out our article on themes in Frankenstein. Being alone despite Being Surrounded. Studies should focus on individuals from non-clinical populations of any age who describe experiences of loneliness. It is imperative for research and practice that we deepen the current understanding of these experiences to inform how we approach describing, researching, and attempting to ameliorate loneliness. Risk of bias in individual studies will be taken into account through utilisation of the JBI checklist, which includes ten questions to assess whether a study is adequately conceptualised and reported [32]. As a result, he feels profound loneliness. An insightful theme statement tells readers clearly and concisely what they may learn from a careful reading of the literature. Finding the findings in qualitative studies. Patriotism - positive side or complications. Tong A, Flemming K, McInnes E, Oliver S, Craig J. Toward a social psychology of loneliness. This research question concerns aspects of loneliness which participants discuss when describing their lived experiences. The theme is suggested from the title, which hints that the narrative is going to be about a lonely character, who cannot connect with those around him. Experiences of loneliness: a study protocol for a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative literature, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-01544-x, http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20180928-the-surprising-truth-about-loneliness, https://sites.google.com/view/pearl-harvesting-search/ph-synonym-rings/structure-or-study-design/qualitative-research, https://wiki.joannabriggs.org/display/MANUAL/2.4+The+JBI+Approach+to+qualitative+synthesis, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. This is appropriate to the project time frame and background of this research team. He felt very different from those living in the community . A number of qualitative studies of loneliness experiences have been carried out. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. This article was developed by the editorial team of Custom-Writing.org, a professional writing service with 3-hour delivery. This can be used to inform future research into correlates, consequences, and interventions for loneliness. PMP and JG were responsible for the conception and design of the study. The current systematic review will utilise thematic synthesis as a methodology to create an overarching understanding of the experiences of loneliness described across studies. One of the most present themes to be found in the collection is the theme of loneliness. The decision to exclude articles which do not primarily or equally focus on these experiences was made in order to gather meaningful data about loneliness experiences specifically and to capture experiences identified as loneliness by participants as much as possible, rather than related phenomena which may be grouped and labelled retrospectively as loneliness by researchers. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Article Int J Evid Based Healthc. In the novel, Of Mice and Men, stereotypes against the disabled greatly impacted the sense of loneliness of the characters. He knows that being different will inevitably affect his life and his relationships with his family. We will write a custom Research Paper on The Theme of Loneliness in Life in Literature specifically for you. She is even separated from the reader; we never learn her first name. 2019 Available from: https://wiki.joannabriggs.org/display/MANUAL/2.4+The+JBI+Approach+to+qualitative+synthesis. They were written in the second half of the 8th century BC as a nostalgia for the Mycenaean civilization. What is your favorite literary work focusing on any of these themes? Naturally, it causes profound emotional suffering. A theme is an idea that runs throughout a text. This process will be repeated with any articles that are found to be eligible at this stage until no new eligible articles are found. When you have completed the rest of this page, come back here and write your theme Here well analyze several well-known examples: Frankenstein, Of Mice and Men, and The Metamorphosis. Given the aim to include studies focused on experiences of loneliness specifically, this search strategy was deemed most appropriate. Haddaway NR, Collins AM, Coughlin D, Kirk S. The role of Google Scholar in evidence reviews and its applicability to grey literature searching. The struggles of the protagonist Holden Caulfield have resonated with millions of people around the world. Google Scholar. Just $13.00 $10.40/page, and you can get an custom-written academic paper according to your instructions. Kent-Marvick J, Simonsen S, Pentecost R, McFarland MM. Pauline Phillips once said "Loneliness is the ultimate poverty." Steinbeck's novel Of Mice and Men agrees with her statement, the book clearly projects the message of the awfulness of loneliness. Michalska da Rocha B. Necessity of work. Lewin S, Glenton C, Munthe-Kaas H, Carlsen B, Colvin CJ, Glmezoglu M, et al. Composing it is all about chipping away all the external scaffolding of plot, characters and specifics to reveal the hidden inner message that forms the substratum of the entire work. [28, 29]). Escaping into my books often helps me put my worries on hold. Search executed in MEDLINE ALL (OVID) 16/11/2020. 808 certified writers online. This inductive creation of codes should allow the content and meaning of each sentence to be captured. He adores the small creature, but he accidentally kills it by stroking it too strongly. This quote is related to Victors inability to make friends and function as a regular member of society. In line with the guidance from Haddaway and colleagues [25] on using Google Scholar for systematic review, a title-only search using the same search terms will be conducted and the first 1000 results will be screened for eligibility. Learn by example and become a better writer with Kibin's suite of essay help services. Is there a relationship between loneliness and psychotic experiences? It feeds on exile and hate. Phenomena that might appear to describe loneliness, such as social isolation, are distinct from the actual experience of it. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Isolation is a popular theme in poetry. The characters Crooks, Candy, and Curley's wife all live in a constant struggle against loneliness. We will create an This review will build upon this work by including research with children and adolescents and taking a bottom-up approach similar to grounded theory where the synthesis will remain close to the participants subjective descriptions of loneliness experiences within the included studies, rather than reflecting pre-existing themes in the evidence base. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. Syst Rev 9, 284 (2020). Liesel is specially kind to Max, and the two share a strong bond. Syst Rev. The review protocol has been registered within the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database from the University of York (registration number: CRD42020178105). Article 2018;17(1):1609406918768014. Eventually, he vanishes from his familys troubled memories. 2013;36(6):128393. interview, focus group). J Psychol. 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In cases of disagreement, the two reviewers will discuss the study to reach a decision about inclusion or exclusion. London: Academic; 1981. p. 3156. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research (GRADE-CERQual) approach [44, 45] will be used to assess how much confidence can be placed in the findings of this qualitative evidence synthesis. A literary work can reveal a person's thoughts on many issues. I get awful lonely. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. However, the review covered only studies of adults (16years and up), including heterogenous clinical populations (e.g. The theme statement . We will include empirical studies published in English including any qualitative study design (e.g. Hes the person Holden wants to bond with but cant because he is gone. I have no friend. The magnitude of the feeling can vary from light blues to depression. As the findings are specific to experiences in this population, they may not reflect those of wider age groups or individuals who do not have depression. According to Homers text, Priam had 50 children from these two women and other concubines. Systematic reviews on similar topics will also be searched for potentially eligible studies. Terms and Conditions, The integration of these information technologies and communication in homes seems unstoppable, serving us this data as an indicator of the capacity for acceptance and assimilation technology of society. Teenagers, as well as adults, have been deeply influenced by the novel. relevant questions are present in an appended interview guide). In the book Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, this theme of loneliness is explored extensively. It shows the depth of emotional suffering that alienation can impose. There is also an overall rating of confidence: high, moderate, low, or very low. The town's name, not accidentally, means "solitude" or "alone." Also, the others' reactions to George and Lennie traveling together reinforces that, in Steinbeck's world, traveling with someone else . The widely accepted description from Perlman and Peplau [16], for example, states that loneliness is an unpleasant and distressing subjective phenomenon arising when ones desired level of social relations differs from their actual level. Synthesising the qualitative literature focusing on experiences of loneliness in the general population will offer a fine-grained, subjectively derived understanding of the components of this phenomenon which closely reflects the original descriptions provided by those who have experienced it. Loneliness 1: Blanche cries to Stella that she cannot be left alone. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Whilst associations between aloneness and loneliness have been richly demonstrated [10, 11], other research has found moderate and low correlations between social isolation and loneliness [12, 13]. Themes can be divided into two categories: a work's thematic concept is what readers "think the work is about" and its thematic statement being "what the work says about the subject". Thomas J, Harden A. Now, lets examine isolation as a literary theme. I am going to write about how loneliness has impacted the lives of George, Crooks and Curley's wife, in this essay. 11). The thematic essay conclusion has three main objectives to complete before wrapping up the entire paper. World literature has numerous examples of characters who are disconnected from their loved ones or dont fit into the social norms. This review will also shed light on the age groups that have been included in qualitative research on loneliness experiences. Although this study offered impressive scale, the vast majority of participants were between 19 and 45years old, and as a result, the model may underestimate factors experienced across the lifespan. volume9, Articlenumber:284 (2020) Themes typically cover abstract universal ideas and concepts like love, identity and trust. The Catcher in the Rye uses many symbols as manifestations of Holdens loneliness. The Metamorphosis is an enigmatic masterpiece by Franz Kafka, telling a story of a young man Gregor. Potential conflicts will be resolved through discussion. So, when you are writing your thematic statement, always read other writers' statements. The PRISMA statement will be followed to create a flowchart of the number of studies included and excluded at each stage of this process. Unlike objective phenomena like blood pressure or age, loneliness can only be definitively measured by asking a person whether they feel lonely. He also misses his friends and relatives in Ingolstadt, which causes him further discomfort. Loneliness overlaps and yet is distinct from solitude.Solitude is simply the state of being apart from others; not everyone . Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. This is an important point given that the review will inherently be constrained by the number of studies that exist and the focus that has primarily been given to quantitative loneliness research thus far. A number of studies have qualitatively explored experiences of loneliness; however, the research lacks a comprehensive overview of these experiences. Whilst we expect that this would concern emotional, social, and cognitive components of the experience, we understand that these findings may also come to reflect perceived causes or effects of loneliness. Lockwood C, Munn Z, Porritt K. Qualitative research synthesis: methodological guidance for systematic reviewers utilizing meta-aggregation. Meta-ethnography: synthesizing qualitative studies (vol. Besides, they contributed to the heroic code and made up the Homeric character of a warrior. It was a real city not far from modern Canakkale (Turkey) at the mouth of the Dardanelles. Overcoming - fear, weakness, vice. I caused dreams which caused death. He was driven by revenge, trying to drive him into the same despair. The primary source of literature will be a structured search of multiple electronic databases (from inception onwards): PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus, Child Development & Adolescent Studies, Sociological Abstracts, International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS), CINAHL, and the Education Resource Information Center (ERIC). An empirical investigation and a meta-analysis [D.Clin. J Clin Epidemiol. Loneliness research is often weighted towards investigations of older adults, despite the fact that the prevalence of loneliness is high across the lifespan; recent UK research found a prevalence of 40% in 16- to 24-year-olds and 27% in people over 75 [7]. streetcar named desire williams presents feelings of loneliness at different points in the play through the use of different characters. Whilst all eligible studies will be included in the synthesis (as described in the Quality appraisal section), any lower-quality studies will be excluded during post-synthesis sensitivity analysis in order to assess whether their inclusion has affected the synthesis in any way as suggested by Carroll and Booth [43]. Being "solitary" has caused his ambition to grow dangerously, but this isolation is already its own punishment: his laboratory feels like a "cell.". Here are a couple of quotes from Frankenstein directly related to the theme of isolation and loneliness: How slowly the time passes here, encompassed as I am by frost and snowI have one want which I have never yet been able to satisfy and the absence of the object of which I now feel as a most severe evil. This inferential process will be carried out through collaboration between the research team (primarily PMP and JG). Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2019. The. J Adolesc. London; 2018. Greeks wiped it away at the end of the Trojan War. Book School of Psychology, Queens University Belfast, David Keir Building, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK, Phoebe E. McKenna-Plumley,Jenny M. Groarke&Rhiannon N. Turner, Department of Sociology, Durham University, 29-32 Old Elvet, Durham, DH1 3HN, UK, You can also search for this author in Examples of characters who are disconnected from their loved ones or dont fit into the social.. 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